Gasification of coal or other carbonaceous material



Patented sept. 5, 1922;

a4 SHEFTVSAHEU f/lz.

A MCD. DUCKHAM. GASFICATION 0F COAL 0R OTHER CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL.

APPucATioN FILED MAY2.1921.

mi///////////m///////// @Ad/@W0 1A; Mcm DucKHAM. 'GASIFIGATION 0F COAL 'OR'OTHER CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL.

PPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1921.

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: /m/emar A... MCD, DucKHAn/. GAVSIFICATION 0F COAL 0R OTHER CARBONAC'EOUS MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2, 1.921'.

Patend Sept-5, 1922..

Wz-ZWWTCQgyaZZJazM Patented sept. 5, 1922,

N ratei] f Amma MQDQUGALLDUQKHAMQF "LONoNxENGLaNneasirroa'rrou por seater ornnn oaaeouaenousMarsman l applicati@ area May/2, 1921. seriailvofaee'aza y To allfwhom t may concern.' a j r A Be'itlknown 'that I, SIR ARTHUR l1 oDoU- GALLDUGKHAM, a subject kof .theling of Great Britain, residing Vin "London, England,-have invented certain new y1 and useful 1 Improvements in' yGrasification of `Goal ,or @ther Carbon-aceous `Material, of lwhich vthe followvingisra v-speeiilc'ation.' f

VThis invention relates'to*plantsl and prooesses for the ga'silicationol3 kcoaland of othery ca,,rbo'nacemsv materials in which, innaddition to the destructive distillation offvthe hydrofcarbons 'contained 'in ythe fmaterial, the" resi# due is utilized forthemanufactur'e of Water gas, The destructivedistillation is accomp plished both Aby the external 'heatingofthe retort 'orjchambencontaining the rmateri-al,

and by ythe passage. of' thehot Water gas through the material. l

yTheusualftype of vapparatus utilized for this plllpO'Se isfa ,vertical retort or chamber constructed A with extern'alffheating flues, su`l perimposed onl a generator so lConstructed thatgthemate'rlal is discharged or automatically discharges itself, Whilestillhot, "from the retort'v or chamber into the generaton The water gas is made by'heating the material in theV generator by first blowing `air through the fuel vbed v the products of combustion pass vintotheexternal `heating ues ofthe retort or oven at the bottom andy travel upvvardsyso providinghe'atffor the carbonization ofthe material; when the'` fuel'` bed has attained asuilici'entftemperature the' air supply is shut oil? and' 'steam' introduced" into the generator and to make Water gas which is'oaused lto pass ifrom the generator portion ofA the plant through the retort orY chamber, assisting carboniz'ation'by itsfsen'- sibleheat and carrying.; forward' fromthe retort a proportion of the lighter yl'i'ydroca'r` bons which Would otherwise beldeposited` with the tarjinv the condenserzw 'Thepurpo improve this general method oflvvorking.` In the first place, to obtain the best results ofA carbonization itisl desirablethat the lgreatest externalheatgshoul'd bev applied to theF upperportions ofthe retort'or chambers;

products `of `combustion 'from vrthe blowythat' isfthe VheatingY up ofthe Afuel/.bed in the gen;

erator portionjot-the plant, are ytali-en byv a means of 'a suitableflueforfluesto'the upper rect Aor `by se ofthe present'inventioln i'sto` tributed to the external?heatingiiuessoas to,y

place, the amount of hea-t; available "from the vproducts ot eombus'tion made dulling thei'bloyvand the'sensible heat of the Water: gas lwhich kpasses through the material in vthexretort` orf .chambery do not-give a; suli-` cient"- temperature,izo-complete the proper' earbonizationjof 'the material before it eilters the generatorgand consequently la cer` tain' :amount `lof hydrocarbons pass laway; with thev blow gasesl In f ,order to obtain the increased eXternaLheat required for car# bonization,y arrangements are made to ,utilize`l for the purpose ya portion ofthe water y,gas 't made'in the generatoru-.partofthe plant, taking the Water.; gas bymeans of suitable ilu/es andl'fconsumlng it in the same external flueslas` are. heated by :the products fofcomff i i bustion from the generator'k during-the blow j:

plants --it may ybe advisperiodf of. working;-

:Inaa :series of such able or'eonvenient wvorlring'to utilize the. gases: 'formed during the --bloWv period tor'.l l I heating` the boiler, orjboilers, -vvhichavill supply steam"A for f fthe, purpose 1 of kmaking Water-niggas rather than'zfor lthe heating off th@ carbonilZmg vessel. Under these condi' tions ,the Whole of the 1 external heating of 'the 'retort may be'"Atarried outv either by* 85 meansl off'wvatergas from" the generator d1- v means ofthe mixedA gases from the retort; i' `f ,v 1 A A i Y1 lv *A v l Inasmu'ch as 1 the produets got' combustion` formedy durin'gthe blow' period Will contain a kcertain proportionfo'f combustible gases, arrafngementsf` are .inade :for the admission-of.

a secondary airl supply, tothefparts at-Whiohy v the products'otl combustion enter the exter this 4secondary airpref'erably y'being heated bythe Waste gases leaving ythe eirternal heat-y ingiluesu The secondary' lair supply will also '1 bei utilized? fior :thevv l'eombustion ol1 the Water gas taken fromthegeneratorfforjthe i .I

purpose? of heating the y iretortsxor ehambers.

vnaltheatingfvluesof"the/.retorts orchambers,l y

during thatf'periodf'of thefoperation lwhere Watergasfisbeingmanufacturedin.thelgeinl 1 erator'portionoflthe'plant.,l yIn the `.aecompanyingdraWingsL-f y y Figs.' 1' andv '22 4are v "vertical, sections, iniv planes 'at right angles vvt`o.- eaoh'other, through a combined genera-tor and retort constructed in accordance with the invention.

Figs. 3 and 4 show a vertical section and a horizontal section respectively through a series ot such retorts slightly moditied.

In the setting t the `retort or carbonizing chamber, which is of' rectangular horizontal carbonizing material, preferably of a type that permits of continuous removalotthe ashes.

In this instance, the products of combusf tion from the air blast h are led to the top of the installation by the' pipe e where they are distributed to the heating 'lue'd byk meansot the flue 7', secondary air for their proper combustion being admitted by the :due p. Steam is admitted at Z, and the water gas passes up through the carbonizing vessel, a portion beingitaken by means ol the pipe a through valve 0 to thek flue e where it is distributed in a similar manner as the blow gases to the heating iues.

i For the purpose' ofthe invention there is a communication a between the annular Hue z' andthe pipe e, controlled by a valve o, and

i the operation is as follows f tlues at the top of the retort. 'The propor.

The coal or the like, ted continuously or intermittently in known manner into the top of the retort at such arate that the latter and the generator are always full, enters in more or less completely carbonized condition into the generator. `Here it is blown to the necessary degree of incandescence by theair blast introduced at h and the products of combustion pass from the heating iues as described above., During this Ablow period the valve 0 remains open, and the steam 'supply atl is cut oli'. When the fuel in the generatorhasbeen sufficiently'heated, the air valve s is closed vand the steam valve u is opened. Steam now ascends the gen-` erator and the water gas formed passesy mainly up the retort'.

A certain proportion 4of the water gaspassing through the annular ue' z' is 'conveyed through the lpipe e to the heating tionof the water gas utilized kfor this purpose is controlled by regulating the valve 0. rlhe setting is shown in the drawing as comprising only one retort, but by suitable modification a single generator may serve a setting includingafnumber of-gretorts..l

In Figs. 3 and 4, in the setting a retorts or carbonizing chambers a1, a2, a3, a4 of rectangular horizontal section and tapering upwards are supported on arches Z). Heating i'iues are formed about these retorts or carbonizing chambers in a similar manner to that shown in Figs. l andQ, and there is a generator beneath leach retort or carbonizing chamber. ln this instance, the products of combustion from the air blast h are led from the top of the generator through the annular flue z' by means of-ports k to collecting flue t which carries these gases to the boilers for the purpose or" raising ksteam for the generation o-'water gas.

During "the run period steam is -admitted through the pipe Z and steam valve a to the' generator. The water gas formed either passes up through the retort or carbonizing vessel where it mixes with the gases evolved from the coal, or should itmbe 'desired to heat the retort vwith water gas alone thek s water gas is taken through the` valve 0 to the flue e and by means ofthe valve 01 admitted. to the 'distributing flues' 1 at -thetop of the setting. Should it be desired to heat the retorts or carb'onizing chambers with the water gas after it has beeny mixed with the gases evolved in the retort, these gases arev returned from tliepipe'ael through the valves 02 and 01 to the heating nues r, the valve ov remaining closed during the whole ofsuch operation. It will be seen that with ya bat* tery of four of such lunits there will be a continuous supply of steam available from the blow gases to the boiler and at the'same time a continuous'supply of water gas from the generators Jfor heating the retortsl or carbonizing vessels. v Y Y Having thus described thenature of the said invention and the best meansl Iqknow of carrying the same into practical effect, .l claim l; A process of gasii'ying coal `andthe like. which consists in carbonizing as completely as practicable the material iny an externally' heated vessel, receiving the resi'- due from `said vesseldirectly into "a gen-j erator, heating the residue in the generator to incandescence by a blast ot fair, heating the said vessel externally by means of the sensible heat of the blow `gases and inv addition by burning'any producer gas formed,l substituting a steam .blast for the air blast'- when the residue is incandescent, passinga` portion lof. the water lgas thusv produced through the material in thesaid vesseland burning a portion of the said waterl gas so as to heat the said vessel externally.

2. A process of rasit'yingcoalv and the like, which consists in kcarbonizing asy com- 1,428,421 v zo n '1'.3

producer gas thus formedso as to externally as to externally heat the said IVessel 4from heat the said vessel from above downwards, above downwards to a sulioient degree to substituting a steam blast for the air blast carbonize thematerial in the said Vessel.` lo n when the residue is incandescent, passing a In testimony whereof I have" signed my' i 5 portion of the water gas thus produced nanievto.this'speoilioation. l

through the material in the said vessel, and z l F p f burning a portion of the said waterjgas so ARTHUR MCDOUGALLDUCKHAM. 

